Occupy Wall Street Movement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Possess Wall Street Movement - Essay Example After that it spread to around hundred urban communities in the United States with activities everywhere throughout the globe in and around 1500 urban communities. The development is to retaliate against the 1% most extravagant in the nation who are controlling the guidelines of the economy and rehearsing them unreasonably imperiling the lives of staying 99% who are the average folks (Occupy wallstreet, about) Protestor’s idea The motto of the gathering is, â€Å"we are the 99 percent†. The rest of the 1% is all those who are well off i.e., that is, the â€Å"banks, the home loan industry, the protection business, and so on.; and the 99 percent alludes to the less wealthy: that is, everybody else† (Occupy Movement Wall Street). This thought consolidated a rising feeling of abuse among the US nationals done by these 1 % haves over the 99% those who lack wealth. The protestors expressed that the ordinary citizens can't be at the same time working and poor. The prot estors were guided by some specific requests. They requested free and reasonable decisions. They likewise expressed that cash spilling out of the corporate into the races will be wiped out, there will be just open subsidizing, and open political race channel ought to be made the focuses of discussion and instructive battles. After the races there would be no money related gifting or gifting necessities for meeting secretly with the chose authorities. There ought to be appropriately worked broadcast open just as straightforward examinations in regards to the money related emergency, contract subordinates, and returns of the citizens. The protestors likewise request of broadcasted straightforward examinations in the government managed savings financing alongside its experience and assignment subtleties. There ought to be likewise making sure about of generally safe speculation strategies to the assets acquired from the government disability reserves. Organizations are channelizing emp loyments at lower wage rates to the nations which need fundamental human manageability and the Americans are losing positions consistently. The enterprises are required to work here by giving the neighborhood nationals occupations (List of Goals for Occupy Wall Street). Responses from contradicting ideological groups There was introductory dithering with respect to the spread of the development from both the Democrats party and the Republicans. This can be thought of a characteristic reaction to any fights in its underlying stage (Klein). The democrats and the involve divider road development present comparable concerns identified with the monetary disparities. The democrats rejected of connecting with their part with the dissenters of the development facing the police and the squats in the open places to stay. The Democrats grasped the development with spreading shows the nation over with the fulfillment of hearty help from the dynamic conventional establishments. The vote based pi oneers expressed that the development has numerous positive sides to it. The democrats bolstered the focal message of the development which pointed mirroring the enormous monetary imbalances experiencing childhood in the nation because of the insatiability of corporate. The democrats are very excited about the development and they accept that the suppositions are expanding in a quick pace inside the nation. There were significantly increasingly dynamic democrats who demonstrated more excitement. Some of them expressed that, â€Å"I’m so glad to see the Occupy Wall Street development facing this widespread corporate covetousness and calmly taking part in our democracy†

Trave and hotel industry in Hawaii Research Paper

Trave and lodging industry in Hawaii - Research Paper Example In spite of the fact that agribusiness which has assortment like blossom development, macadamia nuts and papaya, manganese knob mining and film creation have broadened Hawaii’s monetary base the travel industry despite everything assumes a significant job ( Hawaii 9 pp3). Roundabout work is in divisions like vehicle and retail. At the point when utilized people spend their wages and pay rates on products and enterprises, it prompts more employments creation. This is alluded however financial expert as multiplier impact. The travel industry acquires outside trade; global visitors change their cash into Hawaii money to have the option to pay for their experience. Subsequently, the host nation gets outside trade to spend on its costs, for example, instructive and clinical offices (Tourism and the economy, 12). The travel industry is regularly occasional; this causes economy of Hawaii to change with all coming season. The shaky financial framework makes it difficult for the legislature to gauge yearly spending plans in light of the fact that different seasons will be extremely high when contrasted with different years. Over reliance on the travel industry will have a negative impact to the economy during low seasons. Second, the travel industry segment is constantly influenced by current issues; uncertainty issues influence the travel industry contrarily which in the end influences the economy. For example the September 11 assault diminished the guest number in Hawaii (Tourism and the economy, 12). The travel industry and cordiality industry in Hawaii creates one out of each five occupations. The business gives occupations in eateries, inns, vehicle rental organizations, security administrations, amusement, retail locations, carriers, air terminal and numerous different activities that flexibly products and enterprises to voyagers (Sharma, pp 127). During high the travel industry seasons in Hawaii interest for laborers is high. For this situation, more individuals are utilized in the travel industry and neighborliness part. In deciding the business rates, circumstances factual procedures change is utilized. Hawaii’ occasionally balanced rates were, joblessness rate for November 2011,

HOW TO Choose The Right Font For Your Blog

HOW TO Choose The Right Font For Your Blog Make Money Online Queries? Struggling To Get Traffic To Your Blog? Sign Up On (HBB) Forum Now!HOW TO: Choose The Right Font For Your BlogUpdated On 13/05/2014Author : Ambika Choudhary MahajanTopic : BloggingShort URL : http://hbb.me/1lfTe0q CONNECT WITH HBB ON SOCIAL MEDIA Follow @HellBoundBlogWhat is the most important thing you see when you log in to any blog?Or, any website for that matter?Though it would be wrong to say that user interface and user experience are not important, you cannot deny that choice of fonts can make all the difference to the overall personality of the blog and how popular it is among its readers.Today, we will discuss some simple but oft neglected points which you need to keep in mind while selecting the right font for your blog.I am often surprised to see bloggers spend huge amounts of money on buying premium themes and expensive plugins but turn a blind eye to this aspect of creating an awesome looking blog.There are two important decisions you have to take while choosing the font:Which font I need to use?What font size would look best?Choosing the Right Font For Your BlogEasy as it might seem, website owners and bloggers who understand the importance of choosing the right fonts will agree that the choice is not as simple as it might seem at first.This is because of the huge variety of them that we have to choose from.Some are free while others are paid.Some are simple, some are complex.Then, there are 2 dimensional and 3-d fonts.Cursive fonts, professional fonts and Graffiti fonts.The list is unending!!You have to keep in mind essential parameters like font weight and their loading time as well, since they could affect the loading time of your blog in the long run.Another thing you just cannot ignore is the legibility or the readability of the fonts you opt for.It is useless to choose a very fancy looking, decorative font which would make reading difficult for the visitors and might act as a big turn off.Font sizeAfter zeroing i n the right typeface, it is time to think about the size you would want.Here, you have to choose more than just the number!The factors which you need to keep in mind here are the height of thee letters, spacing between them, line distance, spacing between paragraphs an much more.How to choose?For those of you who had not given this much of a thought earlier, this might be too much to digest, I am sure.READThe Pitfall of Overindulging To “Blogging Pitfall Articles”So, how do you go about choosing the right font for your blog or website?One thing that you need to keep in mind is that there is no formula that you can use to find out what is best for you.Things you need to consider1. Two types of fontsFonts are basically of two types: serifs and sans serif (without serif).Serifs are those tiny lines which run across the edges of letters. Hope this picture makes the difference clear:2. The readability of fonts and their legibilityDo not choose fonts which have too many special decora tions to make them stand apart from others, too many offbeat shapes, etc. Have enough space between individual letters so that it is not taxing for the eyes. While bigger fonts can do with tighter spacing, smaller ones need more gap in between.3. TechnicalitiesAll fonts do not go well with all themes. Make sure that your font is compatible with your theme. Whether the font you want to use is pre installed or you have to download it. If you are downloading a font, make sure to check the completeness of the package to avoid regretting over the wastage of time later.4. Aesthetic quotientLast but not the least, you need to keep in mind what impression your font will give and how beautiful and flawless it will look up there.Now you cannot think of using comic fonts for a tech blog or graffiti fonts for an accountant.That would look weird and unappealing for obvious reasons.ConclusionI don’t want all bloggers reading this post to get up more confused than ever before after reading this post.All I want to say is that when it comes to the choice of fonts for your blog, the possibilities are endless. YOU have to make sure to choose the perfect one for YOU to make your blog most reader friendly.It would be well worth the effort if you spend a few minutes and rack your brains to choose what would be best for your readers and you (in that order) to make sure they don’t sign out earlier than they wanted to. And that too with watery eyes and a searing headache!!

African American Coming of Age in Mississippi Essay

Coming of Age In Mississippi The 1950’s and 1960’s remains the most controversial and momentous decades for the nation to this day. The civil rights movement was to end racial segregation and end all prejudice against African Americans. Whether it was voting rights, rights to sit wherever one liked, or to love someone outside of ones race; racist people at this time were reluctant to have equality. These civil rights movements challenged and demanded to be heard through protest and nonviolent activity. However, these protests never were noted and were completely shut down by authorities and other racist bystanders. Americans and their confidence in their way of ignorance was most certainly challenged during this time; how could one†¦show more content†¦It was challenging to ignore; these images circled the nation showing African American people who were dignified and hopeful, dedicating their lives to shape destinies. There were many tactics and strategies that were adopted by the civil rights movement. African Americans would advocate for equality by sit-ins, freedom rides, speeches/rallies, and with the media. For example, there was a decision made by four North Carolina freshman to sit at the lunch counter of a local restaurant to initiate a new phase of civil rights activity. This sit-in was called the â€Å"Jackson Sit-In† and it caused an outbreak of new black college students from all areas of the South to make a difference too. Among them was the author of Coming of Age in Mississippi, Anne Moody. This protest was depicted as being horrific and dangerous to the young lives of these college students. In Takin’ to the Streets, Anne Moody tells the Jackson Sit-In in her own words; â€Å"‘ We would like to be served here† I said. The waitress started to repeat what she had said, then stopped in the middle of the sentence. She turned the lights out behind the counter , and she and the other waitress almost ran to the back of the store, deserting all their white customers. I guess they thought that violence would start immediately after the whites at the counter realized what was going on.†(Page 18, Takin’ It To The Streets.) This quote in the third edition of the sixties reader is significant because it perfectlyShow MoreRelatedThe Monograph Coming of age in Mississippi1286 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿ MONOGRAPH PAPER COMING OF AGE IN MISSISSIPPI Coming of Age in Mississippi by Anne Moody was published on 1968. This autobiography is memoires of Anne Moody about growing up poor and black in the rural Mississippi. The book was divided into four parts from childhood until her late 20s that described the experiences of Anne Moody in the Civil Rights Movement and her struggles against  racism. Anne Moody was born in the 1940s which was the time after World War IIRead MoreAnne Moody s Coming Of Age881 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Moody, Anne. Coming of Age in Mississippi. New York: Dial, 1968. Print.† Anne Moody was a determined, educated, and an inspiring civil rights activist who was born in Gloster, Mississippi. Born on September 15th, 1940-passed away February 5th, 2015 Anne Moody dedicated her life to making the United States a better place for not only African American’s, but pleaded for equality amongst all races as well. Awarded best book of the year in 1969 by the National Library Association, Anne Moody writesRead MoreComing Of Age Throughout Mississippi By Anne Moody1206 Words   |  5 PagesAnne Moody’s, â€Å"Coming of Age in Mississippi† is an autobiography of hers that depicts the time of injustice, racial discrimination, oppression and the hardships African Americans dealt with during this time of inequality and how it led to C ivil Rights Movement. Anne Moody’s overall life experience since her young age of 4, till her age of 24 of the movement, greatly shows the struggles of the time with uses on her emotional experiences and her analyzing skills of her time which did not fail to catchRead MoreComing of Age in Mississippi and Segregation Essay1304 Words   |  6 PagesComing of Age in Mississippi is an autobiography of the famous Anne Moody. Moody grew up in mist of a Civil Rights Movement as a poor African American woman in rural Mississippi. Her story comprises of her trials and tribulations from life in the South during the rise of the Civil Rights movement. Life during this time embraced segregation, which made life for African Americans rough. As an African American woman growing up during the Civil Rights movement, Moody has a unique story on themes likeRead MoreAnnotated Bibliography Of The Coming Of Age 1078 Words   |  5 PagesGeneva Smith P. Foster Composition 132 11 May 2016 Internalized Oppression in Coming of Age in Mississippi According to the author’s mother, Toosweet, black people will always face despair because change within the white supremacy system is nearly impossible. In the novel Coming of Age in Mississippi, internalized oppression divides the black community in the face of white oppression. By accepting the injustices, the black community indirectly supports oppression. Moody’s family hates the idea ofRead MoreEssay about The Expansion of the Great Black Migration1253 Words   |  6 Pages Marcus Garvey, and W.E.B. Du Bois asked blacks to help themselves by establishing a culture within their communities. Other notable figures in black communities called out discriminate and violent acts against blacks to help bring awareness to Americans of what was happening across the nation. In all-black communities in New York City, the crusade for justice pushed blacks to participate in fine arts such as music, dance, writing, and painting. Participation in fine arts mostly helped literary writersRead MoreComing Of Age Throughout Mississippi By Anne Moody1362 Words   |  6 Pages Coming of Age in Mississippi Essay Fredric Stanley HIST 3881 Professor James Conway 7 November 2015 â€Æ' Though we Americans, in all of our efforts, feel as if the day of racism is coming to an end, I feel it is merely evolving into a much more subtle approach. Seeing life through the words of Anne Moody in her book entitled, Coming of Age in Mississippi, shows that racism, even back then, is treated with remedies versus a cure. After the many anti-discrimination legislations passed as well asRead MoreHistory Essay Review756 Words   |  4 PagesTHE PRESENT Writing Assignments / Midterm Exams and Book Discussion Section Required Texts: * Anne Moody, Coming of Age in Mississippi (Random House, 1992). ISBN: 9780440314882 Anne Moody was born on September 15, 1940, in Wilkinson County, Mississippi. Coming ofAge in Mississippi is an autobiographical book about life in Mississippi, the struggle of African Americans in the state and in the South, the life of a black child and woman in the South, and the role of race and racism in AmericaRead MoreComing of Age in Mississippi vs. The Jungle Paper1039 Words   |  5 PagesComing of Age in Mississippi vs. The Jungle Paper There is an argument that states that Anne Moodys tale in Coming of Age in Mississippi is a more optimistic tale then that of Jurgis Rutkis in The Jungle and vice versa. This is not the case. When you take the time to analyze both story, you come to find that both have the same pessimistic core. The only difference is the character Jurgis was optimist throughout most of the beginning despite his circumstances yet in the end he loses all hopeRead MoreAnne Moody s Coming Of Age1189 Words   |  5 PagesAnne Moody is the author of Coming of Age in Mississippi which was originally published in 1968. Anne Moody is a famous African American Mississippi author who was born in Wilkinson County, Mississippi on September 15, 1940. She was the eldest of nine children born to Fred and Elnire Moody. While growing up in Mississippi, Moody attended a segregated school where she was an outstanding scholar. Moody cleaned houses in order to keep food on the table and clothes on her family members’ backs. In 1961

William Blake As An Apprentice Essay - 1543 Words

William Blake born in London on the 28th of November in 1757 to a hosier names James and Catherine Blake with six siblings and 2 died in early age. Blake spoke of having visions in his early childhood. He saw god putting his head to the window when he was at the age of four and around the age of nine, he saw a tree filled with angels while walking through the countryside. His parents notice that he was different from his other siblings and they did not force him to attend conservative school. Blake was thought to read and write at home. At the age of ten, he had a wish to become a painter, therefore, his parents sent him to a school where he was thought drawing. After two years, Blake began writing poetry. At the age of fourteen, he apprenticed with engraver as art school was too costly. As an apprentice, Blake sketch the tombs at Westminster Abbey for his assignment, which had open him to a variety of Gothic Styles from where he draw inspiration throughout his career. Blake then mar ried an illiterate woman named Catherine Boucher in the year 1782. He taught her how to read and write, and also instructed her in draftsman ship. She helped Blake in printing the illumined poetry for what he is remembered for today. The first printed work of Blake was the Poetical Sketches in 1783, which is a collection of learner section, mostly copying classical model. The poems he wrote protest against tyranny, war, and King George III’s treatment of the American colonies. In 1789, heShow MoreRelatedWilliam Blake s `` The Angel `` And `` A Little Girl Lost ``1306 Words   |  6 Pagesof this research paper is to introduce William Blake and give a brief background information about his life. In addition, this research paper will also provide: An analysis of two different poems wrote by William Blake, the message of both poems, how his life might have influenced his poems, and which other factors influenced him to write these poems. â€Å"The Angel†, â€Å"Love’s Secret† and â€Å"A Little Girl Lost† are some of the famous poems wrote by William Blake. For a long time, people ignored his artRead More Comparing London by William Blake and Westminster Bridge by William Wordsworth811 Words   |  4 PagesComparing London by William Blake and Westminster Bridge by William Wordsworth William Blake was born in London in 1757. He was taught by his mother at home, and became an apprentice to an engraver at fourteen. In addition to poetry Blake spent much of his time painting. Blake lived on the edge of poverty and died in neglect. His poetry receiving little acclaim while he was alive. ‘London’ was written by Blake in 1789. Taken from Blake’s ‘Songs of Experience’, theRead MoreWilliam Blake Poet535 Words   |  2 PagesWilliam Blake is one of the most renowned poets in the history of English literature. Born to the owners of a hosiery shop on Broad Street in the center of London in 1757, William Blake developed into a toddler of extraordinary imagination. While only a young boy (around the age of four), he spoke to his parents of seeing angels playing amongst him, encountering visions of heaven and hell throughout London and the nearby countryside, and spotting God keeping a close eye on him during tasks and choresRead MoreIn Many Ways, Poetry Has The Ability To Shape The Minds1226 Words   |  5 Pageswas William Blake. His poetry has inspired much change in both the past and the present. An analysis of â€Å"The Chimney Sweeper,† one of Blake’s most popular works, can help many to understand the significance of his work in a time period when social riot was visible in the public’s eyes. By explori ng the writing style, structure and imagery in this poem, as well as identifying the importance of symbolism, a conclusion can be made concerning the purpose of this poem. Learning more about William BlakeRead MoreEssay on Biography of William Blake1631 Words   |  7 Pagesinspire your work and success. William Blake was a famous artist, engraver and poet. However, it was not until 1863 that he became famous when Alexander Gilchrist published his biography(Blake, William, and Geoffrey Keynes).Blake and his poetry have been compared to Shakespeare (Kathleen Raine). As an artist Blake was equated to Michelangelo. Being born during the time of both the American and French Revolution, William Blake was against both the Church and the State. Blake was a Dualist, believing theRead MoreEssay about William Blake’s Poetry1541 Words   |  7 PagesWilliam Blake’s Poetry William Blake was one of those 19th century figures who could have and should have been beatniks, along with Rimbaud, Verlaine, Manet, Cezanne and Whitman. He began his career as an engraver and artist, and was an apprentice to the highly original Romantic painter Henry Fuseli. In his own time he was valued as an artist, and created a set of watercolor illustrations for the Book of Job that were so wildly but subtly colored they would have looked perfectly at home inRead MoreInnocence Of The Lamb By William Blake1705 Words   |  7 PagesInnocence of the Lamb â€Å"The Lamb† is one of William Blake’s famous poems from his book Songs of Innocence published in 1789. â€Å"The Lamb† is also known as â€Å"Little Lamb† but better known by the former name. This poem is a didactic poem reflecting spirituality from a Christian point of view. â€Å"The Lamb† is a question and an answer type of poem and has a sense of innocence as the speaker is a child questioning a lamb’s existence. In â€Å"The Lamb† William Blake uses metaphor, symbolism and imagery to expressRead MoreThe Stages Of Maturing And Adulthood988 Words   |  4 PagesTypically, adults are almost completely controlled by thoughts and feelings of the world around them. The stages a person goes through during this growing up time are necessary for a person to mature correctly. As Sally states, a child is an apprentice to freedom, that is, the child is guided through the development of his or her freedom until he or she is ready to assu me it in adolescence and adulthood (Scholz 395) Most children think it would be better to skip childhood and go straight to adulthoodRead MoreSocial Issue, Symbols, and Themes of Blake’s â€Å"the Chimney Sweeper† Poems2253 Words   |  10 Pageschimney sweeps in London during the eighteenth century stirred William Blake to write two poems that reveal his outlook towards their work experience. â€Å"The Chimney Sweeper† poems from Songs of Innocence and Songs of Experience contained themes and symbols regarding a severe social issue. The lack of labor laws in England enabled employers such as master sweeps to have their child apprentices work at the age of six or seven. Some apprentices became sweeps at ages four and five (Nurmi 16). Martin K.Read MoreAnalysis Of Alasdair Gray s Songs Of Innocence And Of Experience1583 Words   |  7 Pagesillustrated novels of the nineteenth century, gained new prominence in Alasdair Gray’s self-illustrated novel Lanark (1981) and in comic books or ‘graphic novels’ by writers such as Alan Moore and Neil Gaiman. With regards to English Romantic poet William Blake, both his lyrical Songs of Innocence and of Experience (1789-94) and his prophetic poems of epic length were conceived as an intermedial work made up of text and illustration. Blake’s collection of poems; Songs of Innocence and of Experience Showing

System and Operation Management. Critical Evaluation of...

Introduction The 21st century has brought about several improvements in business strategies and operations. Most businesses have realized that to be very effective in their given industry the internal operations of such businesses have to be to the highest level of standardized efficiency (Wang et al 2010). These busineses have also realized that the effective management of the systems and daily operations of the organisation would facilitate organisational productivity and result in maximization of profit. According to lohman et al (2004), it essential that 21st century businesses strive to get an effective competitive advantage and attain relevant marketshare to make profit. An effective systems and operations management strategy will†¦show more content†¦It is when the organisation establishes or develops an effective strategy that based on their research, will effectively work. Essentially it describes how management expects to utilize the existing resource base created as a result of the production system design Managing the system Managing the system involves working with people to encourage participation and improve organizational performance. Participative management and teamwork are an essential part of successful operations, as are leadership, training, and culture. In addition, material management and quality are two key areas of concern. Material management includes decisions regarding the procurement, control, handling, storage, and distribution of materials. Material management is becoming more important because, in many organizations, the costs of purchased materials comprise more than 50 percent of the total production cost. Questions regarding quantities and timing of material orders need to be addressed here as well when companies weigh the qualities of various suppliers. Slack et al (1995) postulates that operations management if effectively implemented and managed can be a crucial factor for the company development. According to them operations management is an essential catalyst for an organisation to grow. They believe that operation management is essential for ; â€Å"making and implementing decisions about the design of a company s operational, operations management andShow MoreRelatedUnderstanding Organizational Performance3293 Words   |  14 Pagesinvestigating an organization, their performance management system and our recommendations for the future. Historically performance management is defined as evaluation a firm through metrics such as return on investment and economic value added. Our analysis will cover not only the financial performance of our chosen firm, but also their values in behaviors as well as their objectives. Thus, we will ascertain if the current system of performance management held by the firm is aligned with their objectivesRead MoreTesco s Market Control System2852 Words   |  12 Pagessmall scale shops in local towns and city centers. Tesco represents a giant proportion of the supermarket industry therefore private shops can not be placed anywhere they can only be substitutes. Tesco has enormous buying power so local retailers find it impossible to compete. On average Tesco contracts with wholesalers are 11.5% cheaper than for private independent retailers. Londis (the corner shop) stated its cheaper to purchase brands from Tesco and resell them rather than buy from wholesalersRead MoreManagement Information System3459 Words   |  14 Pagesto understand the impact of management information on decision making Definitions of Management Information System: â€Å"The study of MIS is not about the use of computers, it is about the provision and use of information relevant to the user. Computers are one - albeit important - means of producing information and concentration on the means of production rather than the needs of the user can lead to expensive mistakes. (Lucey [1997] pg 195) â€Å"A system to convert data from internalRead MoreCorporate Governance Tesco2259 Words   |  10 Pagesï » ¿ Contents Abstract 3 Introduction 4 Evolution of Corporate Governance in United States 4 A Case Study - Tesco PLC Company 5 Agency Theory 7 Stakeholder Theory 8 Corporate Governance issues in Tesco Company 8 Conclusion 9 References 11 Abstract Corporate governance is an essential part of every organisation and is defined as a set of rules, techniques and practices by which a company is coordinated and controlled according to aims and goals of the Organisation. Corporate governanceRead MoreBusiness Strategies Of Tesco PLC24572 Words   |  99 Pagesï » ¿ A critical study of The Impacts of Business Strategies On Performance Management in Retail Industry ( A Case Study Of Tesco Plc.) Submitted By: Muhammad Ahsan Riaz Supervisedor by: Dr. Liaqat Ali University Student Number: 1092187396468 College Student Number: 130479 Submitted In Partial Fulfilment of the MBA Finance University Of Wales (London College of Business) Read MoreThe Florist s Dilemm Adopt E Commerce Or Not?3861 Words   |  16 Pagesits popularity was less and many people chose to buy artificial flowers instead of real ones. †¢ City flower’s was not a big retail outlet instead it was a small shop located on Queens Street Auckland CBD, it lacked in having proper Logistics and Management. †¢ Time Constraint was another factor which acted as a weakness for the business. OPPORTUNITIES: †¢ City Flowers should extend its reach to cover other cities and expand their geographical coverage. †¢ They should focus on entering in big marketsRead MoreHrm Tesco16710 Words   |  67 Pagessecondary information is readily available in the libraries, internet, Tescos head office, blogs and journals. The second reason for the selection of topic was the access to the management of Tesco’s. The access becomes barrier in most of the selection and the topic. Therefore the rationale decision was taken to consider the topic which for the information resources could be available in the sufficient quantity. * The deeper study of theoretical aspects can provide the inner insight, enlightenedRead MoreTesco s Extended Marketing Mix10129 Words   |  41 Pages Tesco PLC is a British multinational grocery, and general merchandise retailer headquartered in Cheshunt, Hertfordshire, England, United Kingdom, that was founded in 1919 by Jack Cohen .It is the third largest retailer in the world measured by profits and second-largest retailer in the world measured by revenues. It has stores in 12 countries across Asia and Europe and is the grocery market leader in the UK (where it has a market share of around 28.4%), Ireland, Hungary, Thailand and MalaysiaRead MoreTesco International Management9662 Words   |  39 PagesJapan 10-16 †¢ Entry Strategy 11 †¢ Brand Management 12-14 †¢ Politics/ Economy 15-16 Question 3: Fresh Easy Neighbourhood Markets 17-23 †¢ Macro Assessment 18-20 o Risk in foreign markets 18-19 o Economic Recession 19 o Infrastructure 19 o Socio-cultural 20 †¢ Micro Assessment 21-23 Question 4: Tesco US – Porters Diamond 24-27 †¢ Factor Conditions

Apprenticeship System free essay sample

Conclude your question with a summary of the content. THE APPRENTICESHIP SYSTEM 1. Introduction This assignment serves to discuss about the Apprenticeship system, its origin. I will as well deliberate a bit on the events in history which had an impact on the apprenticeship system and compare the ancient apprenticeship system to the modern type of skills transferring. A few disadvantages and advantages will as be looked at, without derailing from the main focus of the assignment, the deliberations will mainly focus on Namibia in general. Certain aspects of my argumentations will as well look at the changes to the apprenticeship system and how Industrial revolution or technological development had an effect on the apprenticeship system. Lastly the focus will then be directed at the hot question of whether the replacement of the apprenticeship system with the traineeship system will solve the vocational education and training in Namibia. A conclusion will then be made to sum up the whole topic. According to A. Du Preez (2012: 13) â€Å"The word apprentice is from the Latin word apprentia which means learner†. The word system is a process or structure. The Apprenticeship system can be defined as a system training of training a new generation of apprentices of a structured set of skills and apprenticeships which may save as a gate way for one to enter many different careers. Apprenticeship ranged from craft occupations or trades to those seeking a professional license to practice in a regulated profession. Most of the apprentice’s training was done while working for the employer who in return helps the apprentice to master their trade and profession, in exchange for their continuing labour for a period agreed on in the indenture after they have achieved the required competency (Apprenticeship and traineeship n. d. ). Apprenticeship is a combination of on-the-job training (OJT) and related classroom instruction under the supervision of a journey-level craft person or trade professional in which the workers learn the practical and theoretical aspects of a highly skilled occupation. The history of Apprenticeship n. d. ). 2. Objectives The objectives of this assignment are to: 1. Discuss the historical impact on the apprenticeship system. 2. Discuss the impact that technological development in general had on the Apprenticeship system as from its origin till today. 3. Discuss notable changes to the early apprenticeship system compared to the modern type of apprenticeship. 4. Delibera te on the apprenticeship system in Namibia. 5. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the apprenticeship system. 6. Lastly, discuss and or deliberate on the question of whether the replacement of the apprenticeship system with a trainee system can solve the vocational education and training problems of Namibia. 7. Conclusion. 3. DELIBERATIONS/ARGUMENTATIONS Impact of historical events on the apprenticeship system Before we look at the impact that technological development had on the apprenticeship system, there is a need to step a bit back into time and look at the origin and historical impact on the apprenticeship system, being the only recognised and structured form of transferring skills from an expect to a learner. Human lives revolve around skills and knowledge in order to achieve goals, sculpturing, ploughing and creating of tools, are all some of the skills that have been passed from generation to the other through apprenticeship. Although not documented, apprenticeship has been part of human revolution, where parents or masters would subject young men and women to some form of skills learning in order to be able to perform certain tasks. Many years ago, the manufacturing of shoes, household utensils, boats, crafts, hunting tools, furniture, clothes, house decorations and bread baking were all produced in families and clans by specialised in doing so. As the need for such homemade items grew for commercial purposes, clan and family members with such skills formed organisations herewith known as guilds with responsibilities of protecting and guarding the exploitation of such skills and to avoid impostors from cheating the consumers and discrediting the master craftsmen. With time the guilds grew more and more powerful, they became the only authority to certify craftsman to practice the trades. Within the protection and guarding of the apprenticeship, the guilds started to set up rules and conditions of the apprenticeship, such as, suitable working conditions for the apprentice, set of wages for an apprentice who has just completed the apprenticeship and the standard of work (A. Du Preez 2012: 13). Unlike in the beginning of time, contracts were now drafted for both the master craftsman and the apprentice to sign before entering into an apprenticeship. Further readings would state that the contractual agreements signed by the two parties had with them rules and conditions for both parties to undertake. Such rules were: Rules and condition for the master craftsman: * Lodge the apprentice * Clothe the apprentice * Feed the apprentice * Teach the apprentice the art and mysteries of the trade. * Responsible for the apprentice’s morals, religion and civic education. * Teach the apprentice how to read and write. * Monitor the apprentice’s progress on a daily basis. Rules and conditions for the apprentice: * Live and stay with the master craftsman. Work for the master craftsman for a period of time. * Obey and respect the wishes of the craftsman * Will not partake in any other apprenticeship, gambling or visit brothels. * Will only serve one master craftsman. * Would create a final masterpiece for his/her master upon completion of his/her apprenticeship as a proof of level of skills acquired (Apprenticeship n. d. ). Impact o f technological development on the apprenticeship system For many centuries apprenticeship was the only kind of education a working class youth could get† while staying and working for his/her master. The apprenticeship system, which has lasted for hundreds of years since middle age has through time, gradually disappeared in its original form of apprentice and master, with the rise of industrial development. (A. Du Preez, 2012). Apprentices usually at tender ages of ten to fifteen years and would live and be fed in the master craftsman’s home (Apprenticeship n. d. ). Age was never a matter of concern in the ancient times, parents would allow their children to be taken away by master craftsman or would give them away due to poverty or could just not simply afford to send them to school. No education was ever provided for, for these children hence at such a young age they should have been to or attending schools. With contract signed between the craftsman and the apprentice, the young apprentice was only bound to obey their masters and only live by their masters’ wishes. In keeping up with the new era, certain laws had to be put in place to govern and transform the apprenticeship system. One such law is the Constitution of the republic of Namibia in which certain Articles based on human rights and freedoms are enshrined. We take a look at three Articles, Article 9 Slavery and forced labour, Article 15 Children’s rights and 20 Education. Article 9 Slavery and forced labour states that, no person shall be subjected to any form of slavery or forced labour. Article 15 Children’s rights, clearly states that no child under the age 16 shall be allowed to work or enter into any form of contractual agreement with an adult and most importantly it states that all children shall be cared for by both parents. Article 20 Education, it states that primary education in Namibia shall be free and compulsory. This is to stop parents from giving away or sending their children to go and work somewhere at tender age due to poverty or unable to pay education fees. (The Constitution of the Republic of Namibia). This law made it impossible for master craftsmen to practice the ancient apprenticeship system in the developing world as it protects the exploitation of humans and children in particular. Impact of industrial revolution on the apprenticeship system In the early 20s industries and technology expanded and there was a drastic demand for more skilled persons in different fields. Such demands caused the master craftsman to change the apprenticeship approach, from where the learner was attached to the master for a longer period, to a more competent and demand meeting approach and which was as well changed to a more specific skills approach, a lesser or shorter period being implemented. The training of one learner at a time to acquire a wide range of skills over a long period has become a thing of the past. Masters were forced by the industrial revolution to use the on-the –job type of skills transferring and class rooms where not only one person is subjected to learning but a group of apprentices are taught at once. Vocational Training Centres were established where skills could be transferred to apprentices by different master craftsmen herewith referred to as instructors. The most notable example to this is the Namibian Police training standard. Police recruits immediately after the colonial era were recruited and trained policing in general without specialisation. Some were recruited on grounds of being ex-combatants or being ex police officers in the South West African Police (SWAPOL). Some of these members were sent out to countries with better police training institutions for longer periods of time to acquire the much needed policing skills and knowledge e. g. nine months police training in Zambia. The whole idea was seemingly to return experience police officers on which the police grounds could be established. According to A. Du Preez (2012: 17) â€Å"the apprenticeship system was seen as a highly beneficial method of proving skilled workforce in those trades that demanded skills and of retaining the knowledge and experience of older workers†. This was praised as a good idea, however the training period became a concern as Namibian people needed a lot of skilled and educated policemen and women. The advanced ways of how crimes were committed and the introduction of computers, the police was forced to take a new direction to curb the crimes and meet its goal of maintaining of law and order. Decent numbers of men and women were recruited and subjected to a more military-like training by experienced skilled police officials. Trainings continued with the military-like trainings where more military tactics were being taught, mostly the use of fire-arms and drill formations. The public demanded for more skilled and educated police officials to walk the streets. A new map was the drawn on the training to meet the changing needs. The trainings centres were then revamped to an education friendly environment. A different learning approach was adopted from that of more skills training to a 50/50 practically and theoretically oriented training. Instead of training being done in fields, classes became the song of training where educated and better qualified police official undertook to train new police recruits with more theory than practice. As time went by, training was then divided into three phases: mainly Basic recruit training for six months, six months probation on the job practices and then a choice of specialisation in any field of choice, be it investigation or traffic policing. With the adoption of technology, a lot of things changed. The way how skills are currently being transferred compared to the early apprenticeship, the use of computers to give classes, the use of visual and audio materials where the master is never personally in contact with the apprentices, unlike the early form, where the master was on a daily basis present with the apprentice, monitored and guided him/her throughout the entire learning process. Take for example the telecommunication system, in the 19th century, for one to make a call; you have to be connected to an operator who then has to connect you to an operator who then has to connect you to the numbers or number of choice. These persons working at switch-board were only skilled persons trained by a craftsman which has all changed to the use of computers. The whole process where the operator connects the caller to the next intended receiver changed in the 20th century with the use of computers. The fate of all operators is unknown as their services were no more needed. According to A. Du Preez (2012:24) â€Å"Focused training was needed to satisfy the demands of a fast growing industrial environment†. The differences between the ancient and modern apprenticeship system ANCIENT APPRENTICESHIP| MODERN APPRENTICESHIP| . Anyone could sign an indenture with the master craftsman. (A. Du Preez 2012)| 1. Only persons meeting the required entry standards are registered. | 2. Age was never part of the requirements for anyone to undergo apprenticeship by a master craftsman. | 2. Only persons above the age of 16can be admitted as apprentices. | 3. The apprenticeship ran for many years. | 3. It runs on a more manageable period of time. | 4. The skills taught were not specific and were only based mostly on crafts. | 4. Each apprenticeship has its own craftsman with his/her students/learners| 5. There was a very low output of skilled apprentices. | 5. Since the apprenticeship is done in classrooms, they are a lot of graduates annually. | 6. The apprentice stayed and lived with the master craftsman during the entire apprenticeship process. | 6. The apprentices do not stay with masters, they their own homes. | 7. The apprentice could not engage in any other activity or change the field of study. | 7. The apprentice is likely to engage in other apprentices, depending on personal wishes. | 8. It was only a one- on-one type of skills transferring. 8. The presentations are done by one master to a group of people at once. | 9. After the completion of the apprenticeship, the apprentice was required to make and present a masterpiece to the master craftsman, which would the be presented to the guild, and only after the guild’s approval would the apprentice be certified as a journey’s man and later a craftsman (A. Du Preez 2012: 15)| 9. The final year concentrates more on practices in workshop and on the job trainings after which theoretical and practical examinations are done. Success in the examination would amount to a Certificate, diploma or degree and higher. | 10. Done at the residence of the master. | 10. Done in classrooms, in industries and in workshops. | This clearly indicates just how much has the apprenticeship system being modernised and transformed to meet the social, economic, industrial and political pressure. The apprenticeship system in Namibia The apprenticeship system in Namibia has in years focused mostly on the psychomotor domain learning approach, other that the cognitive domain as a learning style. The psychomotor domain is the system being used in the vocational training centres as Namibia is driving towards the direction of competency, efficiency and effectiveness in skills acquiring. For a learner to be able to go and work, one has to firstly complete all vocational requirements and lastly graduate (A. Du Preez 2012:19). We take a look at the police force once again, all police cadet or police recruits would firstly undergo a six months training programme with both theoretical and practical examinations and test being done. Those who do not excel in shooting practices would be recommended never to carry an official service firearm and as for those who do not make it academically, their fate is in the streets or recommendations for retraining and would remain cadet constable (students) until such time they qualify. Namibia’s development plan of vision 2030 is the driving force behind the current state of the apprenticeship system with the aim of meeting the target of a better and developed nation. Some Namibian may have used the ancient and colonial form of apprenticeship where a learner was attached to the master for a period of time while acquiring skills, but have changed to a vocational and on the job kind of apprenticeship. The much thought after example to this is the Namibian Police Force, franchise shops and institutions known as vocational training centres. Let us look at the vocational training centres, skills are not passed from professionals or qualified persons in the form of practices only but theory is as well included and that goes for the police trainings. The use of firearms was taught only at shooting ranges but as of recent years, students have to undergo a theoretical approach to the use of firearms and their understanding is tested through written test and examinations after which they are then exposed to the practical shooting exercises at shooting ranges while under the supervision of instructors. The current situation in Namibia is different to that of the ancient times as apprentices are free, they receive a salary and in most times have homes of their own while undergoing training. According to A. Du Preez (2012: 21) â€Å"Namibian’s training system of training takes place in classrooms as well as in workshops and trainees receive tools to work with. Apart from doing practical wok in workshops trainees also receive individual set of writing exercises which they have to carry out and can only go on the job-attachments once they have mastered the skills†. The above practices shows just how much Namibia is striving to achieve its vision for developed Namibia by 2030 by allowing masters to conduct an on the job trainings and the introduction of vocational training centres where skills are acquired to perform or master certain tasks. Nowadays, apprentices are members of a production force as they train on the job and in the classrooms. They are paid wages, work a regular work week, and live in their own homes rather than that of a master. The apprenticeship agreement set out the work processes in which they are to be trained and the hours and wages for each training p eriod. At the end of their apprenticeship, they receive certificates that are similar to diplomas awarded to the engineering graduates of universities (History of apprenticeship n. d. ). The above quote/ paragraph is in line with what the police is currently doing, where recruited persons undergo basic police training and are paid a probation salary until the completion of another â€Å"6† six month on the job probation. Advantages and Disadvantages of the apprenticeship system Every institution or department, entity or environment has its own ups and downs which in most cases we would refer to as the advantages and disadvantages; we will now take a look at some of the advantages and disadvantages of the apprenticeship system. The lack of job or employment opportunities in Namibia currently, has forced a lot of young women and men to seek for employment forth education in a sense of firstly securing a job and then study and without knowing, they enter into apprenticeship systems rather than the educational process. The choice of firstly seeking or getting employed and then study has its own greener grounds and its down falls, this is evident in the Namibian po lice, when young men and women would prefer to be recruited, get trained and then pursue a career in either policing or other police related fields. Looking at some of the advantages and disadvantages, it will then be a sole choice of an apprentice to decide the direction of learning. Advantages of the apprenticeship system * Acquire skills and knowledge about your career before registering for educational qualification. * You get paid or an apprentice gets paid a salary while learning and under-supervision. * Working or work experience gives an apprentice the courage to take on any task. * Apprenticeship helps an apprentice to gain more knowledge, experience and skills which may be of advantage in or when enrolling for at a tertiary institution. With apprenticeship, less books or studying is at own will as all skills and knowledge are obtained through practice and guidance by or from experience supervisors. * The â€Å"master† or leader gets to monitor, guide and correct his /her apprentice through practice as the saying goes â€Å"Practice makes Perfect†. * Police officers get recruited and as soon as they are appointed as cadet constables, they start to receive a cadet constable‘s salary or while awaiting to undergo a six month basic training, they are paid a student’s salary (career information amp; E-Recruitment n. . ). * . Disadvantages of the apprenticeship system * Unlike a university graduate recruit an unqualified recruit gains a lesser salary compared to that of a university graduate recruit. * Sometimes having to work before obtaining a university qualification may cause an apprentice to be lazy to study and obtain such need qualification. * With the revolution of technology, the chances of an apprentice without any tertiary qualification of being retrenched to make way for qualified and certified persons are very high. It may take long for an apprentice to get promoted at work than a university graduate. * An apprentice m ay in some cases not be able to learn all about the choice of career through practice but tertiary education may be likely cover all aspects. * Persons with tertiary qualifications are likely start at command or senior position to that of an apprentice. * When opting to study, distance learning may be a bit difficult than having to do full time (career information amp; E-Recruitment n. d. ). The apprenticeship system may in other words being referred to as a backlog for young persons, as it is a very long route to obtain tertiary qualification. Replacement of the Apprenticeship system with the Trainee-Based system What are apprenticeships and traineeship; Apprenticeships and traineeships combine paid work and structured training. They allow you to learn a trade or workplace skill and receive a nationally accredited qualification. apprenticeships and traineeships can both be undertaken either full-time or part-time (The traineeship). Whats the difference between an apprentice and a trainee? There is a very thin line of difference between the two; however there are two main differences between an apprentice and a trainee. An apprentice is trained in a skilled trade and upon successful completion will become a qualified tradesperson. Trades such as electrical, plumbing, cabinet-making and automotive mechanics are just a few that are a part of the apprenticeship scheme. A trainee is someone who is being trained in a vocational area. These vocational areas include, but are not limited to, office administration, information technology and hospitality. Upon completion of a traineeship you will be  eligible to receive  a minimum of a certificate II in your chosen vocational area (ApprenticeshipInfo n. d. ). Many people have been fooled into believing that apprenticeships are only about plumbing, mechanics, tailoring or building. There are a lot of apprenticeships out there; it all depends to the choice of an apprentice on what he/she is comfortable with. When the traineeship system was introduced in 1985, it shared many features with the apprenticeship system on which it was based. Over the years, institutional scopes have reduced some of the differences although traineeship system trainees have not benefited from the strong behavioural norms that have governed the apprenticeship training (Grey et al 1999). Why choose an apprenticeship or traineeship? An apprenticeship or traineeship can enable you to: * Gain valuable work experience * Get paid while you learn * Learn the latest knowledge and skills * Get a qualification thats recognized across Namibia. Apprentices and trainees complete a qualification while learning skills at work and under the guidance of a training organisation (ApprenticeshipInfo n. . ). When the traineeship system was firstly introduced in the mid eighties, it was introduced with a variety range of characteristics of the apprenticeship system, with the expansion of technology; most of the characteristics which the traineeship system shared with the apprenticeship system were and have been reduced. Therefore, the features that underpin the completion of the traineeship are essentially the same as for an apprenticeship, but their effects are weaker. Traineeship have not benefited from the strong behavioural norms that have governed the apprenticeship training (Grey et al. 999). Many occupations and industries in which traineeships are used have a tradition of a weak attachment between the employer and the employee. The unstructured nature of labour markets means that the gain to a trainee completing is small, and the lower cost to the employers means that they are less concerned recovering this cost from the trainees. However the whole traineeship completion rate changed in the midi-nineties where the system became more popular and more significant, the low completion rate became more visible (NCVER 2005). Apprenticeships and traineeships are available in a diverse range of industries and across a vast variety of occupation groups. Traineeships and apprenticeships also allow for the training to be done on a full time or part time basis and can vary in their duration. In addition although most trainees and apprentices are engaged in a single contract with one specific employer or the vocation they are training in and so may effectively enter into more than one training contract prior to completing an apprenticeship or traineeship (NCVER 2001). The successful completion of a traineeship or an apprenticeship requires the achievement of three specific tasks as listed below: * Completion of formal off job requirements of the traineeship or apprenticeship, including completion of the qualification specified in the training contract. * Completion of the indenture period of the contract of training, in addition to satisfying the employer endorsed on the job requirements. Once the above requirements have been met, notification of the successful completion of the training contract by the trainee or apprentice, along with provision of required evidence substantiating the successful completion of the traineeship or apprenticeship must be provided to the relevant training authority. High rates of non completion amongst apprentices has been recognised as being costly for employers who invest significant time and resources into offering such training opportunities but may receive little or no return for their efforts (WADOT 1998). An apprenticeship or traineeship is a formal contract between an employer and an apprentice or trainee to undertake vocational education and training under the supervision of the employer or trainer. Traineeships and apprenticeships are offered to a variety of workers including those falling into one of the following groups: i) New entrants to the labour market ii) Re-entrants into the labour market iii) Existing workers who are looking to upgrade their skills with a specific employer. Looking at the above findings, it all comes to one ending, industries are resorting more and more to the traineeship system as it is cheaper and affordable, there are contractual bindings with the trainee and they do not lose a lot in the whole training process. Although the traineeship system appears to be an advantage for the industries, it has however been regarded as a way for companies to score cheap labour without decent consideration of the workers’ needs. The bonus for the trainees is that they do not get to be counted as unemployed, even though they are living on near poverty wages (Google Groups Traineeship are a scam). Apprenticeships and traineeships are available in a diverse range of industries and across a vast variety of occupational groups. Traineeships and apprenticeships also allow for training to be done on a full time or part time basis and can vary in their duration. In addition although most trainees and apprentices are engaged in a single training contract with a specific employer, some may change employer or the vocation they are training in and so may effectively enter into more than one training contract prior to completing an apprenticeship or traineeship (NCVER 2001). Facts about apprenticeships and traineeships: apprenticeships and traineeships combine work with structured training * traineeships vary in length from 12 months to three years * apprenticeships can take up to four years to complete but many apprenticeships can now be completed more quickly than the traditional four years * apprenticeships and traineeships can be full-time, part-time, or school-based where some of t he training is undertaken while the apprentice or trainee is in high school * existing employees may undertake an apprenticeship or traineeship * apprenticeships and traineeships require employers to enter into a training contract with the apprentice or trainee * Employers work with a training organization and the apprentice or trainee to draw up the training plan (ApprenticeshipInfo n. d. ). Training can be delivered using one or more of the following options: * In an appropriate environment, such as an employers premises. * Using flexible delivery methods, such as video link, teleconference, correspondence, work books, online self-paced learning, or an internet classroom link, where training is delivered by the training organization * In the workplace, where training is delivered by the employer (ApprenticeshipInfo n. d. Where can an apprenticeship or traineeship take you? On completion of an apprenticeship or traineeship you will have learnt new skills and gained experience and c onfidence working in a real job. This puts you in a great place to keep working, to go on to further study or even start your own business (ApprenticeshipInfo n. d. ). The afore-stated argument, if looked at the current direction at which the world is aimed and the use of technology and how much industries requires specialisation in fields and more critical on theoretical knowledge when planning and achieve, the replacement of the apprenticeship system will not solve the vocational education in Namibia. A trainee graduates with a lower or unrecognized qualification whereas an apprentice graduates and qualifies in his/her field. It would therefore be wise and advisable that the two systems run side by side, where the traineeship prepares trainees for the apprenticeship system. The NYS (national youth service) under the Ministry of Youth runs a traineeship programme, where young men and women from all walks of life undergo a training programme and upon completion they get integrated into apprenticeships. A person who does t he apprenticeship is according to the findings, guaranteed a job unlike the one who goes through the traineedhip. Conclusion The deliberations in the assignment looked at main topic of the apprenticeship system. The apprenticeship system was an early form of education or transfer of skills from a craftsman to an apprentice or a learner in a number of years, however hence the early apprenticeship system was a one-on-one training, these whole system started to change from a one-on-one transfer of skills to one-on-many form of education and the duration minimised to a more shorter time frame due to industrial revolution and technology. The apprenticeship system has entirely changed from its original form due to historical events and industrial revolution. In the deliberations, an emphasis was made on the advantages and disadvantages of the apprenticeship system. The other part of the assignment took a focus on the apprenticeship system in Namibia in particular The recruitment of police officers changed from skill training to a 50-50 theory and skills training due to an industrial demand for more educated law enforcement officers. Although Namibia still practices the apprenticeship system, compared to the early apprenticeship system, trainees are not entirely attached to their masters and, they are paid a salary based o the type of work performed. Current apprentices are being trained on job. The point of concern was the question asked, will the replacement of the apprenticeship system with the traineeship system solve the vocational education and training problem in Namibia. For Namibia to remain competitive to other nations the introduction of the trainee system to replace the apprenticeship system will just diminish the values of the vocational training institutions as they will be forced to enrol unqualified trainees upon the completion of the traineeship. A suggestion is then made that the apprenticeship and the traineeship system runs together as there is a thin line of difference between the two systems. References: * A. Du Preez (2012). Educational Theory and Practice A. Unit 1: 1-26 Published by centre of open and life-long learning, Windhoek, Namibia. * History of apprenticeship (n. d). Retrieved on 14 February 2013 from * http://. Ini. wa. gov/TradesLicensing/Apprenticeship/About/History/default. sp * Advantages and disadvantages of apprenticeship system. (n. d. ) Retrieved on 14 February 2013 from http://www. allaboutcareers. com/careers-advice/apprenticeship/advantages-of-apprenticeship * Traineeship. (n. d. ) Retrieved on 26 February 2013 fr om http://www. bbc. co. uk/news/education-20961113 * Apprenticeship and traineeship. (n. d. ) Retrieved on 27 February 2013 from http://www. bafensw. edu. au/courses/types/apptrain. htm * Apprenticeship and traineeship. (n. d. ) Retrieved on 27 February 2013 from http;//www. apprenticeshipsInfo. gld. gov. au/apprentices/index. html * Apprenticeship (n. d. ) Retrieved on 27 February 2013 from http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Apprenticeship