How Cpu Works Essays

How Cpu Works Essays How Cpu Works Essay How Cpu Works Essay How does the CPU work? The CPU comprises of the following components as stated below. PREFETCH UNIT CONTROL UNIT ALU/FPU DECODE UNIT REGISTERS INTERNAL CACHE MEMORY BUS INTERFACE UNIT OUTPUT INPUT Arithmetic/logic Unit (ALU) and Floating Point Unit Arithmetic Logic Unit-is the section of the CPU core that performs arithmetic(addition,subtraction,multiplication and division) involving integers and logical operations such as comparing two pieces of data to see if they are equal or determining if a specific condition is true or false. Arithmetic requiring decimals is usually performed by the floating point unit(FPU). Arithmetic operations are perfomed when mathematical calculations are requested by the user,as well as when many other common computing tasks are performed. Most CPUs today have multiple ALUs and FPUs that work together to perform the necessary operations. Control Unit Coordinates and controls the operations and activities taking place within a CPU core such as retrieving data and instructions and passing them on to the ALU or FPU for execution. In other words it directs the flow of electric current within the core,much like a traffic cop controls the flow of vehicles on a roadway. The control unit tells ALU and FPU what to do and makes sure that everything happens at the right time in order for the appropriate processing to take place. Prefetch Orders data and instructions from cache or RAM based on the current task. The prefetch unit tries to predict what data and instructions will be needed and retrieves them ahead of time,in order to help avoid delays in processing. Decode Unit Takes the instructions fetched by the prefetch unit and translates them into a form that can be understood by the control unit,ALU and FPU. The decoded instructions go to the control unit for processing. Registers and Internal Cache Memory Registers and Cache memory are both types of memory used by the CPU. Registers are groups of high-speed memory located within the CPU that are used during processing. The ALU and FPU use registers to store data, intermediary calculations and the results of processing temporarily. Internal Cache memory is used to store instructions and data for the CPU,to avoid retrieving them from RAM or the hard drive. Bus Interface Unit It allows the core to communicate with other CPU components,such as the memory controller and other cores. The memory controller controls the flow of instructions and data going between the CPU cores and RAM.

Free sample - Case P3 DB. translation missing

Case P3 DB. Case P3 DBAn individual retirement arrangement is a conviction that has been set up to collect retirement aid from individuals.   The agreement may take the structure of an individual retirement arrangement or individual retirement annuity. The amount of funds that may be contributed to the IRA is restricted. These amounts that are earned in the individual retirement arrangements are never levied up to the time when they are withdrawn. The individual retirement accounts are of two types which provide an advantage as one saves for retirement. They both have the same annual contribution limits, catch up provisions if one is 50 and above and withdrawal requirements. One opens an individual retirement account which is self directed with a financial service organization such as a bank. There are several types of IRAs that range from conventional IRAs, Roth IRAs, easy IRAs and SEP IRAs. Conventional IRAs and Roth IRAs are set up by individuals who are given the chance to give 100 percent of reward up to a set out maximum dollar amount. Contributions to the traditional IRAs may be taxable depending on the tax payer`s income. Roth IRAs are not taxable. SEPs and SIMPLE IRAs are planned by employers. The Roth IRA is the best because it is not taxable and contributions are completed with after tax money. It allows for annual contribution to a retirement account. A tax free withdrawal of up to $10,000 is allowed for a first time home purchase as long as the holding five year minimum period is met.   Withdrawal of interest are taxable and are subject to a ten percent penalty unless it is withdrawn due to death, disability, purchase of a first home, higher education and medical expenses in excess of 7.5 percent gross income or health insurance premiums. Distributions before 59  ½ of age are not taxable only applying to contributions.   Reference Thomas, A.K. (2004). Fairmark Guide to the Roth IRA: Retirement Planning in Plain Language. Lisle: Fairmark Press Inc.

Astronomy Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Astronomy - Term Paper Example Moreover, the discovery by these spacecrafts of Jupiter’s gravity changing as well as the decrease in the number of volcanic eruptions in Io, a moon of Jupiter, led scientists to be more interested in an in-depth Jupiter exploration. Therefore, the Galileo mission was devised, whereby not only would the spacecraft orbit Jupiter, studying its environment in great detail, but it would also carry a probe that would be launched into Jupiter’s clouds and collect data. About eight hundred people worked on the Galileo mission, as per NASA’s statistics. The Galileo arrived at Jupiter approximately six years later on 7th December 1995. The spacecraft was 17 feet high, with a magnetometer boom that extended 36 feet to one side. It weighed a total of 2,223 kilograms, inclusive of the 118 kilograms of scientific instruments and 925 kilograms of propellants. The scientific instruments it carried, as listed in NASA’s website about the spacecraft, included a solid-state imaging camera, a near-infrared mapping spectrometer, an ultraviolet spectrometer, a photopolarimeter radiometer, a magnetometer, an energetic particles detector, a plasma investigation, a plasma wave subsystem, a dust detector and a heavy ion counter. The atmospheric probe that was to be launched in the atmosphere of Jupiter was 50 inches in diameter and 36 inches tall, and weighed 339 kilograms. It is noteworthy that the Galileo did not carry enough fuel for it to be able to fly directly to Jupiter; therefore, the scientists devised a technique whereby the spacecraft would be able to borrow energy from Earth as well as Venus to enable it to reach Jupiter. The flight path that was devised was named â€Å"VEEGA† – Venus-Earth-Earth Gravity Assist. The spacecraft was to be slingshot into gathering enough momentum to be able to reach Jupiter. It was a pioneering method and it was successful. The Galileo not only made new discoveries with regards to Jupiter and